Time and time again I find myself needing to run another command against the last item on the previous command line. To access that item in your current command, use “!$“.
When I’m done with a file, I delete it, as in this example.
jason@linuxsvr:~$ mkdir restored jason@linuxsvr:~$ cd !$ cd restored jason@linuxsvr:~/restored$ unzip ~/Downloads/backup.zip Archive: /home/jason/Downloads/backup.zip extracting: Documents/meme.jpg extracting: Documents/notes.txt jason@linuxsvr:~/restored$ rm !$ rm ~/Downloads/backup.zip jason@linuxsvr:~/restored$
In this next example, multiple commands are used to create and configure a user account. After the username is supplied the first time, it is recalled on subsequent command lines by using “!$“.
jason@linuxsvr:~$ sudo useradd -m -s /bin/bash sally jason@linuxsvr:~$ sudo passwd !$ sudo passwd sally Enter new UNIX password: Retype new UNIX password: passwd: password updated successfully jason@linuxsvr:~$ sudo chage -M 60 !$ sudo chage -M 60 sally jason@linuxsvr:~$ sudo chage -l !$ sudo chage -l sally Last password change : May 03, 2014 Password expires : Jul 02, 2014 Password inactive : never Account expires : never Minimum number of days between password change : 0 Maximum number of days between password change : 60 Number of days of warning before password expires : 14
